What are the Early Symptoms of Stroke?

What are the Early Symptoms of Stroke?

Stroke causes acute neurological dysfunction, including motor and cognitive damage, and impairs a patient's day-to-day life by resulting in disability. The prevalence rate in India varies between 44.54 and 150/1000007. According to a Global Burden of Disease study conducted in India, stroke was the sole cause of 9.4 million deaths and 28.5 million DALYs (disability-adjusted life years). 

Early stroke symptoms typically include sudden paralysis, visual and speech impairments, and headaches occasionally. The reason is either bleeding in brain tissue or a clot obstructing a blood vessel in the brain. The specific brain region that is impacted largely determines the symptoms of stroke. A stroke is a medical emergency that requires immediate medical care.

A blood clot obstructing a blood vessel in the brain is the most common cause of strokes. Usually, the heart or carotid arteries are where the clot forms. After that, it enters the brain and blocks a blood vessel there. An ischemic stroke is a type of stroke that results from a blocked blood vessel.

The second, less frequent reason is cerebral hemorrhage. In this case blood vessels burst and blood seeps into the brain tissue. A specific region of the brain is no longer receiving enough oxygen in either scenario. Additionally, bleeding puts more strain on the brain's tissue, which may result in further harm.

According to the study, the main causes of stroke are risk factors such as age, socioeconomic status, degree of physical activity, and sleep issues. Patients who lead sedentary lifestyles are more likely to experience multiple ailments and eventual deaths. Many disabilities follow a stroke episode, but the most common kind is mental instability, which manifests as trouble speaking or forming sentences in one's mind. Even with all of the advancements in medicine, therapies, and interventions, it is still one of the main causes of disability in the world.

Knowing the early symptoms of the stroke can help you arrange timely medical attention for yourself or your loved ones and save lives.

What is Stroke?

For the brain to function properly, it requires a steady flow of nutrients and oxygen. An interruption in the blood supply, even for a brief period, may result in complications. 

When your brain's blood supply is cut off, you can have a stroke or brain attack. There is a medical emergency. In just a few minutes without blood or oxygen, brain cells start to die. Brain function is lost when brain cells die. It's possible that you won't be able to perform tasks that require that activity of the brain region that is affected by the stroke.

Early Symptoms of Stroke

Symptoms of a stroke can strike suddenly. Symptoms can differ from person to person. Among the symptoms could be:

  • Weakness or numbness of the face, arm, or leg, (particularly on one side of the body)
  • Trouble in speaking or understanding
  • Disturbed vision
  • Dizziness 
  • Loss of balance or coordination
  • Difficulty movement or walking
  • Fainting (loss of consciousness) 
  • Seizure
  • Sudden severe headaches 
  • Sudden nausea or vomiting 

Get immediate medical help if you notice following in a person in front of you:

  • F - Face drooping
  • A - Arm weakness
  • S - Speech difficulty
  • T - Time to call medical help

Risk Factors of Stroke

Stroke risk factors that can be modifiable, treatable, or medically manageable include:

  • High blood pressure
  • Heart disease
  • Diabetes
  • Smoking
  • Birth control pills (oral contraceptives)
  • History of TIAs (transient ischemic attacks)
  • High red blood cell count
  • High blood cholesterol levels
  • Lack of exercise
  • Obesity
  • Excessive alcohol intake
  • Illegal drugs like cocaine
  • Abnormal heart rhythm
  • Cardiac structural abnormalities like damaged heart valves (valvular heart disease) 
  • Older age
  • History of strokes
  • Heredity or genetics
  • Stroke deaths occur more often during extreme temperatures

Consequences of Stroke 

Stroke may affect one’s abilities to:

  • Move
  • Think
  • Memorise
  • Speak
  • Control your bowel and bladder
  • Eat
  • Control over your emotions
  • Perform vital body functions

What is Stroke Treatment?

Stroke treatment mainly depends on whether the stroke is ischemic or hemorrhagic. Following are the treatment modalities for:

1. Ischemic Stroke: Blood vessels in the brain are blocked or narrowed.

Treatment to Restore Blood Flow:

  • Emergency IV Medicine:
    • Given within 4.5 hours of symptom onset.
    • Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (TPA) is the gold standard.
  • Types: alteplase (Activase) and tenecteplase (TNKase).
  • Administered through a vein in the arm within 3 to 4.5 hours.
  • Emergency Endovascular Procedures:
    • Direct Medicine Delivery:
  • Catheter inserted through an artery in the groin to deliver TPA directly to the brain.
  • Clot Removal with a Stent Retriever:
    • Catheter-based device removes the clot from the blocked vessel.
  • Other Procedures:
  • Carotid Endarterectomy:
    • Removal of plaque blocking a carotid artery.
  • Angioplasty and Stents:
    • Catheter and balloon is used to expand the artery, followed by stent placement to support it.

2. Hemorrhagic Stroke: Bleeding into the brain tissue.

Emergency Measures:

  • Administration of blood thinners.
  • Management of brain pressure
  • Prevention of vessel spasms and seizures.

Surgery:

  • Surgical Clipping:
    • Clamp is placed at the base of an aneurysm.
  • Coiling (Endovascular Embolization):
    • Catheter-guided coils fill the aneurysm (abnormal ballooning of blood vessels).
  • Surgical Removal of AVM (Arteriovenous Malformation):
    • Remove smaller AVMs (abnormally tangled blood vessels) if accessible.
  • Stereotactic Radiosurgery:
    • Administration of focused radiation to repair vessel malformations.

3. Stroke Recovery and Rehabilitation

  • Close monitoring of patient condition post-treatment.
  • Rehabilitation for regaining function and independence.
  • Rehabilitation programs mainly depend upon the area of the brain that is impacted.
  • Rehabilitation is tailored to individual needs.
  • It generally starts before hospital discharge.

Conclusion

It's critical that you get emergency medical attention as soon as you think you might be having a stroke. Clot-busting medication can only be administered by medical professionals during the initial hours following the onset of stroke symptoms. One of the best strategies to lower your chance of long-term problems and disability is to seek treatment as soon as possible.

Even though preventing a stroke entirely isn't always possible, there are lifestyle modifications that can greatly lower your risk. Additionally, medications can lessen the chance of blood clots, which can result in stroke. Your doctor will collaborate with you to develop a preventive plan that works for you if they think you may be at risk of stroke. This plan may involve medication and lifestyle modifications.

Get the right and timely stroke treatment at Walk Again, one of the best stroke rehabilitation centers in Bangalore. As soon as you notice early symptoms of stroke in yourself or someone else, seek immediate treatment to increase the chances of regaining an independent life after stroke.

FAQs

Q1: What are the initial signs of a stroke?
A: Weakness or numbness in the face, arm, or leg, usually on one side of the body, are among the warning signs of a stroke. Other early signs include difficulty in understanding or speaking, vision issues, such as loss of vision in one or both eyes or dimness.

Q2: How can ‘stroke’ be stopped from progressing?
A: Acute stroke medications are given by emergency department staff in an attempt to halt a stroke in its tracks. The 'clot-busting' medication known as tPA is used to treat ischemic stroke, which is the most prevalent kind of stroke.

Q3: Is there a 100% recovery rate after a stroke?
A: The degree of the stroke, the rate at which the first treatment was administered, and the kind and extent of rehabilitation all affect the likelihood of a full recovery.

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