Brain Computer Interface (BCI)

The Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) is a technology that allows direct communication between the brain and an external device. It enables people to control computers or machines just by thinking.

Mainly used to help those with disabilities, BCI can restore functions like movement or communication, maximizing functional independence for individuals with severe physical limitations. At Walk Again, we utilize BCI to empower our patients, turning thoughts into actions and improving rehabilitation outcomes.

Why Do We Use Brain Computer Interface (BCI)?

Following are the disorders Brain Computer Interface (BCI) can help in managing:

How Does it Work?

Brain-computer interface refers to a set of numerous precise technologies which are aimed at restoring the lost functions of your nervous systems. It captures neural signals from different regions of the brain and processes them into usable information for external devices.

Electrodes are positioned close to certain relay areas on your head in order to record the intended brain activity accurately. These electrodes act as sensors that detect voltages associated with the brain activities. The frequency and intensity of each voltage spike is measured and each activity is recorded. The system feeds this information into specialized computer software, where it’s translated with the process called neural decoding. Various machine learning algorithms and other artificial intelligence agents play a vital role in conSignifiverting complex data collected from brain activity into a programmable understanding of the brain's intention. After the Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) translates brain signals into commands, the patient can act by controlling the output device, such as a robotic limb

It is actually a computer-based system that receives, processes, and converts brain signals into commands. It doesn't read minds or extract information from your brain without consent. Instead, this technology lets users control devices using brain signals instead of muscles. After training, the user generates brain signals reflecting their objectives and decisions, and the BCI translates these signals into commands to operate devices, allowing them to act on their intentions.

Impact of Brain Computer Interface
(BCI) on Patient Recovery

Following are the key impacts of BCIs on patient recovery:

  • Restoring mobility in patients with severe disabilities associated with paralysis or spinal cord injuries. It helps in enhancing the control over prosthetic
  • limbs, robotic devices, or wheelchairs.
  • Improving communication in ALS or locked-in syndrome patients by enabling them to communicate and express their thoughts and emotions.
  • Enhancing neurorehabilitation from strokes and traumatic brain injuries by promoting neuroplasticity.
  • Boosting independence by enhancing control over assistive technologies.
  • Boosting patients' confidence, reducing feelings of helplessness, and improving overall mental well-being.
  • Continuously improving motor and cognitive abilities, leading to fast and long-lasting recovery benefits.

How Does it Differ From Manual Physiotherapy
(Passive Range-of-Motion Exercises)?

Feature

  • Mode of Action
  • Effect
  • Neuroplasticity (brain's ability to form new neural connections, which HAL supports through repeated, intention-driven movements)
  • Personalisation of Treatment
  • Assistive Technologies
  • Target Population
  • Feedback Mechanisms
  • AI Integration
  • Recovery Goals

Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs)

  • Decodes brain signals directly, bypassing muscle or nerve functions.
  • Enhances control of devices (e.g., robotic limbs, wheelchairs) as per patient’s brain signals.
  • Actively trains the brain to generate specific signals, promoting neural recovery.
  • Offers tailored solutions by interpreting unique brain signals with the use of robotic arms.
  • Integrates with advanced tools like prosthetics, robotic arms, and AI-driven systems for dynamic real-time interaction.
  • Ideal for severe impairments like locked-in syndrome or complete motor paralysis.
  • Provides real-time feedback to refine brain signal control and device performance.
  • Uses machine learning and AI to decode and optimize brain signals.
  • Bridges the gap for patients unable to use other methods due to severe disabilities.

Manual Physiotherapy (Passive Range-of-Motion Exercises)

  • It is not based on active patient input.
  • Enhances residual motor capabilities using external supports like braces or walkers.
  • Focuses on improving muscle strength and physical movement without directly influencing brain activity.
  • Uses standardized protocols, less personalized for individual neural patterns. Rely primarily on mobility aids like a walker.
  • Depends on static devices like canes, braces, or manual wheelchairs with limited adaptability.
  • Less useful in extreme paralysis or neurological dysfunction.
  • Relies on physical or verbal cues, limited to visible tasks or movements.
  • Relies on manual techniques and simple mechanical tools without AI-driven enhancements.
  • Focuses on improving mobility, strength, and daily functionality for less extreme cases.

Future scope of
Brain Computer Interface (BCI)

Following are the Brain Computer Interface (BCI) advances that may become reality in the near future:

  • Direct transmission of thoughts in patients with speech impairment
  • Implantable BCIs to control prosthetic limbs and devices through thought
  • Non-invasive diagnosis and treatment of mental health conditions like depression and PTSD
  • AI-powered BCIs for improving neural signal interpretation
  • EEG headsets and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS)

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“Siddiqui’s journey at Walk Again Advanced Neuro-Robotic Rehab in New Delhi is a testament to the transformative power of cutting-edge rehabilitation. After being diagnosed with an RT MCA Infarct, Siddiqui, a 54-year-old retired professional from Sudan, faced significant challenges in his daily life. ”

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